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This is a brief overview of Railroad Retirement's Survivor Benefits. If you need further information, you can contact the U.S. Railroad Retirement Board at www.rrb.gov or call 1-312-751-7139.

Annuities are payable to surviving widows and widowers, children and certain other dependents. Lump-sum benefits are payable after the death of a railroad employee only if there are no qualified survivors of the employee immediately eligible for monthly annuities. With the exception of a residual lump-sum death benefit, eligibility for survivor benefits depends on whether or not the employee was insured under the Railroad Retirement Act at the time of death.

An employee is insured if he or she has at least 10 years of railroad service, or 5 years performed after 1995, and a current connection with the railroad industry as of the month the annuity begins or the month of death, whichever occurs first. The current connection requirement is described at the beginning of this publication.

If a deceased employee was not so insured, jurisdiction of any survivor benefits payable is transferred to the Social Security Administration and any survivor benefits are paid by that agency instead of the Board. Regardless of which agency has jurisdiction, the deceased employee's railroad retirement and social security credits will be combined for the purpose of benefit computations.

Annuities are payable to widows, widowers, and unmarried children; in certain cases, benefits are also payable to parents, remarried widow(er)s, grandchildren and surviving divorced spouses. WIDOWS and WIDOWERS ANNUITIES are payable at:

• Age 60; age reductions are applied to annuities awarded before full retirement age. The eligibility age for unreduced annuities is gradually rising from age 65 to age 67, depending on the year of birth.

• Ages 50-59 if the widow(er) is totally and permanently disabled and unable to work in any regular employment. The disability must have begun within 7 years after the employee's death or within 7 years after the termination of an annuity based on caring for a child of the deceased employee. A 5-month waiting period is required after the onset of disability before a disability annuity can begin.



• Any age if the widow(er) is caring for an unmarried child of the deceased employee under age 18 or a disabled child of any age who became disabled before age 22.

Generally, the widow(er) must have been married to the employee for at least 9 months prior to death, unless she or he was the natural parent of their child, the employee's death was accidental or while on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces, the widow(er) was potentially entitled to certain railroad retirement or social security benefits in the month before the month of death, or the marriage was postponed due to State restrictions on divorce due to mental incompetence or similar incapacity.

Survivor annuities may also be payable to a surviving divorced spouse, or remarried widow(er). Benefits are limited to the amounts social security would pay and therefore are less than the amount of the survivor annuity otherwise payable. However, effective August 17, 2007, tier II benefits may be extended to surviving former spouses pursuant to divorce agreements.

A surviving divorced spouse may qualify if she or he was married to the employee for at least 10 consecutive years, is unmarried or remarried under the conditions described in the next paragraph, and is age 60 or older (50 if disabled). A surviving divorced spouse who is unmarried can qualify at any age if caring for the employees child and the child is under age 16 or disabled, in which case the 10-year marriage requirement does not apply.

The portion of a survivor annuity equivalent to a social security benefit (tier I) may be paid to a widow(er) or surviving divorced spouse who remarries after age 60, or to a disabled widow(er) or disabled surviving divorced spouse who remarries after age 50; however, remarriage prior to age 60 (or age 50 if disabled) would not prevent eligibility if such remarriage ends. Such social security level benefits may also be paid to a younger widow(er) or surviving divorced spouse caring for the employees child who is under age 16 or disabled, if the remarriage is to a person receiving railroad retirement or social security benefits or the remarriage ends.

• An unmarried child under age 18.

• An unmarried child age 18 in full-time attendance at an elementary or secondary school or in approved homeschooling, until the student attains age 19 or the end of the school term in progress when the student attains age 19. In most cases where a student attains age 19 during the school term, benefits are limited to the 2 months following the month age 19 is attained.

• An unmarried disabled child over age 18 if the child became totally and permanently disabled before age 22.
  
• An unmarried dependent grandchild meeting any of the requirements described above for a child, if both the grandchild's parents are deceased or disabled.



• A parent at age 60 who was dependent on the employee for at least half of the parents support. If the employee was also survived by a widow(er), surviving divorced spouse or child who could ever qualify for an annuity, the parent's annuity is limited to the amount that social security would pay.

The best way for survivors to obtain an annuity estimate is to visit or telephone the nearest Board field office. Active or retired employees who are concerned about the amount of benefits which would be payable to their survivors may also receive estimates from the nearest Board field office.

The following information may be helpful in providing an idea of the amount of potential survivor benefits:

The average annuity awarded to widow(er)s in fiscal year 2006, excluding remarried widow(er)s and surviving divorced spouses, was $1,489 a month. Children received $1,056 a month, on the average. Total family benefits for widow(er)s with children averaged $2,989 a month. The average annuity awarded to remarried widow(er)s or surviving divorced spouses in fiscal year 2006 was $831 a month.

Survivor annuities, like retirement annuities, consist of tier I and tier II components.

Tier I is based on the deceased employee's combined railroad retirement and social security credits, and is generally equivalent to the amount that would have been payable under social security.

Tier II amounts are percentages of the deceased employee's tier II amount, as described in the section on formulas.

Survivor annuity amounts may also be determined under certain minimum provisions which guarantee that a widow(er)s annuity will be at least equal to the two-tier benefit the deceased employee would have received at the time of the award of the widow(er)s annuity, minus certain reductions including those for age and receipt of social security benefits, and no less than the spouse annuity she or he was receiving just prior to the employees death.

Social Security Benefits

The tier I portion is reduced by the amount of any social security benefits received by a survivor annuitant, even if the social security benefits are based on the survivors own earnings. This reduction follows the principles of social security law which, in effect, limit payment to the higher of any two or more benefits payable to an individual at one time. When both railroad retirement annuities and social security benefits are payable, they are generally combined into a single payment issued through the Board. A survivor annuitant must notify the Board if any benefits are received directly from the Social Security Administration or if those benefits increase other than for an annual cost-of-living increase.

Public Pensions

The tier I portion of a widow(er)s annuity may be reduced for receipt of any Federal, State or local government pension based on the widow(er)s own earnings. The reduction generally does not apply if the employment on which the pension is based was covered under the Social Security Act throughout the last 60 months of public employment. (This 60-month requirement is being phased in over a 5-year period ending March 1, 2009, and there are some exceptions.) Most military service pensions and payments from the Department of Veterans Affairs will not cause a reduction. Pensions paid by a foreign government or interstate instrumentality will also not cause a reduction. For those subject to a public pension reduction, the tier I reduction is equal to 2/3 of the amount of the public pension.

If a widow(er) is qualified for a railroad retirement employee annuity as well as a survivor annuity, a special guaranty applies in some cases. If either the deceased employee or the survivor annuitant completed 120 months of railroad service before 1975, the widow or dependent widower may receive both an employee annuity and a survivor annuity, without a full dual benefit reduction.

If either the deceased employee or the survivor annuitant had some service before 1975 but had not completed 120 months of railroad service before 1975, the employee annuity and the tier II portion of the survivor annuity would be payable to the widow(er). The tier I portion of the survivor annuity would be payable only to the extent that it exceeds the tier I portion of the employee annuity.

If both the widow(er) and the deceased employee started railroad employment after 1974, the survivor annuity payable to the widow(er) is reduced by the amount of the employee annuity.

Cost-of-living increases, effective December 1 and included in the January payment, are made on the basis of increases in national prices or, in some circumstances, average national wages, and calculated the same way as cost-of-living increases in employee and spouse annuities.

However, in the case of widow(er)s' annuities computed on the basis of the initial minimum amount provided under 2001 legislation, the monthly amount will not increase until the amount payable under previous law plus subsequent cost-of-living increases is higher than the initial minimum amount.

A survivor annuity is not payable for any month the survivor works for an employer covered under the Railroad Retirement Act.

Survivors who are receiving social security benefits have their railroad retirement annuity and social security benefit combined for earnings limitations purposes. Prior to the calendar year in which full retirement age is attained, there is a deduction of $1 in benefits for every $2 earned over an exempt amount ($12,960 in 2007). The deduction is $1 for every $3 earned over an exempt amount ($34,440 in 2007) for the months in the calendar year in which the individual attains full retirement age, up to the month of attainment. Work deductions stop effective with the month full retirement age is attained. In the first year in which a survivor is both entitled to an annuity and has a non-work month, a full annuity can be paid for those months in which the survivor had low earnings or did not have substantial self-employment, no matter what total earnings for the year were.

As work and earnings may affect the payment of an annuity, they must be reported promptly to the Board in order to prevent potential overpayments.

These earnings restrictions do not apply to disabled widow(er)s under age 60 or to disabled children. However, any work or earnings by a disability annuitant must be reported and are reviewed to determine whether they indicate recovery from the disability.

All survivor payments stop upon death, and no annuity is payable for the month of death. A widow(er)s annuity will be reduced upon remarriage and in some cases payment will be prevented. A widow(er)'s, surviving divorced spouse's and remarried widow(er)'s annuity could also end upon entitlement to another survivor or spouse annuity under the Railroad Retirement Act which is greater than the widow(er)'s annuity.

A surviving divorced spouse's or remarried widow(er)'s annuity could stop when entitled to a social security benefit which equals or exceeds the deceased employee's basic tier I amount and reduces the annuity amount to zero.

A widow(er)'s or surviving divorced spouse's annuity which is based on a child in care will end if the child is no longer in the person's care, the child's eligibility ceases, or remarriage occurs.

A child's or grandchild's annuity will stop if he or she marries, reaches age 18, or recovers from the disability upon which his or her annuity was based. If the child is 18 and a full-time elementary or high school student, the annuity stops when full-time attendance ceases, at graduation, or upon attainment of age 19. In most cases, when a student attains age 19 during the school term, benefits are extended to the 2 months following the month age 19 is attained.

An annuity will stop if it was based on disability and the beneficiary recovers from the disability before age 60. A disability annuity can be reinstated if the disability recurs within 7 years and the widow(er) is still under age 60.

A parent's survivor annuity may stop upon remarriage; in certain cases, a remarried parent is entitled to a tier I benefit.

Any of the above occurrences must be reported promptly to the Board in order to prevent an overpayment.

A lump-sum death benefit is payable to certain survivors of an employee with 10 or more years of railroad service, or less than 10 years if at least 5 years were after 1995, and a current connection with the railroad industry if there is no survivor immediately eligible for a monthly annuity upon the employees death.

The amount payable depends primarily on whether the deceased employee was credited with 10 years of service before January 1, 1975, in which case the average benefit payable is about $900. In all other cases where a lump sum is payable, the benefit is $255.

If the employee had 10 years of service prior to 1975, the lump-sum benefit is payable to the widow(er) if she or he were either living with or supported by the employee at the time of death, or if the employee were under a court order for support. If the employee was not survived by a qualified widow(er), the benefit may be paid to the funeral home or the payer of the funeral expenses, but the amount paid cannot exceed the actual costs involved. If the employee did not have 10 years of service before 1975, the lump sum is payable only to the widow(er) living in the same household as the employee at the time of the employees death.

If the employee had less than 10 years of service but had 5 years after 1995, he or she must have met social security's insured status requirements for the lump sum to be payable.

If a widow(er) is eligible for monthly benefits at the time of the employees death, but the widow(er) had excess earnings deductions which prevented annuity payments or for any other reason did not receive monthly benefits in the 12-month period beginning with the month of the employees death totaling at least as much as the lump sum, the difference between the lump-sum benefit and monthly benefits actually paid, if any, is payable in the form of a deferred lump-sum benefit.

The railroad retirement system also provides, under certain conditions, a residual lump-sum death benefit which ensures that a railroad family receives at least as much in benefits as the employee paid in railroad retirement taxes before 1975. This benefit is, in effect, a refund of an employees pre-1975 railroad retirement taxes, after subtraction of any benefits previously paid on the basis of the employees service. This benefit is seldom payable.



Source: https://www.rrb.gov/Resources/RailroadRetirementHandbook/SurvivorBenefits